Racism and Ethnicity Issues in Morrison, O´Connor, and...

The central problem in Flannery O’Connor’s story, â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†, Maxine Hong Kingston’s â€Å"The Woman Warrior†, and Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Recitatif†, revolve on the issue of race. Morrison and O’Connor focus on the theme of race specifically between blacks and whites in America. It could be said that Kingston’s â€Å"The Woman Warrior† concentrates on the racial difference between Asian and Caucasian but race is not made to be a big issue in this novel, since almost all of the characters is ethnically Chinese. Instead, the relationships are more marked by nationality. The characters in Jhumpa Lahiri’s collection of stories â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies†, are of Indian origin and deal with the problem of ethnicity. In â€Å"Everything†¦show more content†¦All the African American characters, meanwhile, take advantage of the growing equality as an equal class of citizens. It is not surprising, therefore, that the black man Julies tries to befriend is the best-dressed person on the bus or that the large black woman with the hat strikes Julian’s mother for having offered Carver a penny. In Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Recitatif†, the underlying theme deals with racism. An interesting twist is the mystery of the girls’ race. Morrison has described the story as an experiment in the removal of all racial codes from a narrative about two characters of different races for which racial identity is crucial†. Leaving clues, but never stating whether Twyla or Roberta was black or white, Morrison makes it clear that the girls come from different ethnic backgrounds. At one point in the essay Twyla comments, â€Å"That we looked like salt and pepper†. Though the characters are clearly separated by class, neither is affirmed as African American or Caucasian. Morrison never states the race of the girls for a purpose: to make the reader form his/her own opinion. There are many instances that Morrison uses things that are stereotypically â€Å"black† or Antoniou 4 â€Å"white†. Morrison thrives off the stereotypes people have set for blacks and whites. For example, Twyla’s mother told her that â€Å"those† people smelled funny because they didn’t wash their hair. This might suggest that Roberta was black because she believes that

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 8 Free Essays

The officers were more interested in my claim that I’d spent the better part of the last hour with Adam Ruelle than my tales of an invisible growling beast that might or might not have killed Charlie. â€Å"No one’s seen Ruelle in years. Most folks think he died in the swamp. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"I guess most folks are wrong,† I said. The officers – both young and buff, one white, one black – exchanged glances. â€Å"What?† I asked. â€Å"Some say he’s a ghost.† I’d thought that myself, but did a ghost let off body heat? Could a ghost hold your hand? Or fetch a cell phone? I didn’t know, and I didn’t plan on asking these children. Although they were probably around thirty, like me, they seemed eons younger. The two skirted the damp earth near Charlie, taking care not to disturb the evidence as they peered at the ground. â€Å"Huh,† said the blond, baby-faced officer with a name tag that read: Cantrel. â€Å"Yeah,† said the other, who went by the name of Hamilton. I waited, but neither of them was forthcoming with any info. â€Å"What?† I asked, a little more loudly than last time. â€Å"Only tracks are the victim’s and yours.† I hadn’t thought to search for tracks. Hadn’t thought beyond my fear and the strange feelings Adam Ruelle had engendered in me. â€Å"There aren’t any animal tracks?† â€Å"Sure.† Hamilton nodded. â€Å"Big dog maybe.† I joined them to peer at the light wreath of paw prints surrounding Charlie. â€Å"That wasn’t a dog.† â€Å"How you know for sure, ma’am?† â€Å"I’m a zoologist I’ve seen wolf tracks.† â€Å"There aren’t any wolves in Louisiana.† â€Å"Is that like the state motto or something?† I rubbed at the pain right between my eyes. â€Å"Wait a second.† I dropped my hand. â€Å"No other tracks but mine, Charlie’s, and the – † I waved at the canine impressions. â€Å"None.† No wonder they didn’t believe Ruelle had been here. The man hadn’t left any tracks. I frowned. Then again, he hadn’t been wearing any shoes. By the time the other officers arrived, I’d finished my statement They cordoned off the scene, then began to gather evidence and prepare the body for transport Cantrel offered to take me back to my car, and I gratefully accepted. I didn’t want to go alone, even if I had been capable of driving an airboat. A short while later, he deposited me at the dock. â€Å"We’ll be in touch.† â€Å"Do you have any leads in these murders?† â€Å"Murders?† Genuine surprise twisted the word. â€Å"I heard another man had his throat torn out in the swamp.† â€Å"So?† â€Å"Two men, killed the same way. I’d think homicide would be working overtime.† â€Å"Homicide?† He laughed. â€Å"By a dog?† â€Å"That wasn’t a dog, and you damn well know it.† The anger in my voice made him stop laughing. He glanced at the flowing tributary, then back at me. â€Å"My boss thinks there might be a rabies problem. Feral dogs. Even coyotes. Virus spreads like wildfire.† I lifted a brow. He could be right. Except a rabid animal wouldn’t have run from Ruelle and me after killing Charlie. A rabid animal would have attacked us, too. I knew a little bit about rabies. Certainly the infected animals were vicious, violent, but they were also as good as dead. If there were a rabies epidemic in the Honey Island Swamp, there’d be a lot more bodies. Both human and beast. Cantrel climbed back on the airboat, sitting in the driver’s seat with a confidence that revealed he’d been there : before. â€Å"You seem to know what you’re doing.† I waved a hand at the vehicle. â€Å"I’ve been driving these all my life.† â€Å"You’re from the area?† â€Å"Right around here.† â€Å"Then you knew Charlie.† â€Å"Yeah.† He sighed. â€Å"Decent guy.† We both went silent, thinking of Charlie. Cantrel straightened – all business once more. â€Å"You’ll need to stay out of the swamp now, ma’am. Too dangerous.† â€Å"I don’t have much choice. I’ve been hired to – â€Å" I broke off. I couldn’t say I was looking for a loup-garou. Cantrel might just commit me to the insane asylum. Around here, they probably still had one. â€Å"Hired to what?† Cantrel pressed. â€Å"Research,† I said, which covered quite a bit and usually bored people so much, they stopped asking questions. â€Å"I thought you were a zoologist Shouldn’t you be†¦ in a zoo?† He flushed. â€Å"I mean, working there.† I didn’t want to explain what I really was. So I didn’t. â€Å"I’m working here.† â€Å"It’d be best if you stayed out of the swamp.† He glanced at the crescent moon slowly moving across the night sky. â€Å"At least for a few days.† Before I could question him further, he started the motor and whirled away. Once I was alone, the silence surrounded me. I glanced toward the water and caught the glint of the moon off several sets of bobbing eyes, though none of them seemed interested in getting any closer. I patted my gris-gris. For a bogus protection charm it worked pretty well. Nevertheless, I hurried to my car and returned to the city. Bourbon Street was in full swing. I glanced at my watch. Midnight. Why did it feel so much later? I wasn’t hungry, but I hadn’t eaten all day and while my body could definitely stand to lose a few pounds, I knew better than to skip food entirely. I enjoyed feinting even less than I enjoyed wearing Lycra. I forced myself into the crowd and let them push me ; along the scarred, broken sidewalks, past the bars, the strip joints, the souvenir shops that sported T-shirts with obscene slogans, until I found a restaurant that wasn’t too busy. Then, with a mighty thrust, I tore myself away from the throng and stumbled into a cobblestone courtyard filled with tables. I chose one nearest the street While I might not enjoy walking in a crowd, I definitely liked watching them. Though loud and mostly drunk, the Bourbon Street horde was fun. Cheery people visited New Orleans, and those who lived here loved it. Sure there was voodoo and murder and something in the swamp, but this was also the Big Easy, and it had become that for a reason. New Orleans was the land of great music, good food, never-ending booze, hot sex. During the day, the rot showed. But at night, the neon camouflaged everything. I ordered a zombie – why not? – and a po’boy. It wasn’t until I was halfway through the food and all the way through the drink that the now-familiar sensation of being stared at came over me. However, there weren’t any alligators on Bourbon Street, unless you counted the stuffed ones in the shop windows. Uneasy, I glanced around, but all the other diners were busy with their own libations. The waiters were waiter-ing; bartenders, bartending. I slid my gaze toward the crowd, but it continued to flow by without any hesitation. I told myself I was exhausted from the combination of a drink, a full stomach, and a busy day, then paid my check and left. The uncomfortable sensation continued. I glanced back every few seconds, but with hundreds of people on the street, I couldn’t determine if any single one meant to : follow me. Ducking into my hotel, I slipped behind a pillar and peeked out. Nothing. As I headed upstairs, I told myself I had good reason to be spooked. Someone had put that flower in my room. Someone had taken it out again. I unlocked my door, checked the bathroom, the closet, a shady corner. No one here but me. My gaze was drawn to the balcony. I found myself crossing the room, opening the French doors, stepping outside. I let my gaze wander over the crowd from above, and I saw him. The revelers flowed around the man as if he were a huge rock in the middle of a river. He never glanced at them, just continued to stare at me. He was no one I’d ever met, yet somehow I knew him. His clothes were dirty, torn, his hair wild; he wasn’t wearing any shoes. What was the deal with shoes around here? My phone started ringing – loud, shrill – and I spun toward the room, heart thundering. When I got myself under control, realized it was just the phone, I turned back, letting it ring. He was gone, of course. No sign of him anywhere. Not that he couldn’t disappear into the crowd, a bar, hell, maybe thin air. The damn phone kept trilling. Wasn’t there voice mail in this place? I snatched it up. â€Å"Yes?† My heart still pounded fast enough to make black dots dance in front of my eyes. I needed to breathe. â€Å"Diana.† Frank. â€Å"I’ve been calling for hours. I was worried.† â€Å"Mmm,† I murmured, staring at the wide-open balcony doors. Should have shut those. â€Å"Is something wrong with your cell?† Mechanically I patted my pockets, pulled out the phone, remembered shutting it off after calling the police. â€Å"I was†¦ in the field.† â€Å"I suppose it wouldn’t do for you to sneak up on the loup-garou and have your phone frighten him away.† As if I could sneak up on a werewolf – I sighed – or any wolf, for that matter. â€Å"What have you found?† Frank continued. â€Å"Nothing really.† â€Å"What have you been doing with your time?† His voice was sharp, accusing, annoying as hell. â€Å"My guide’s dead.† A shocked beat of silence came over the line before Frank drawled, â€Å"That didn’t take long.† â€Å"What didn’t take long?† â€Å"For the loup-garou to get him.† I frowned. â€Å"Why do you think a wolf killed him?† â€Å"Didn’t it?† I was still on the seeing-is-believing plan, and I’d seen †¢ nothing but a tail. Could have belonged to anyone. I meant anything. â€Å"I rented the Ruelle Mansion for the next month,† Frank continued, letting the matter drop. â€Å"You can move in whenever you like.† â€Å"Great. I’ll have my things shipped from storage.† â€Å"Let me know where they are, and I’ll take care of it† Usually I paid the owner of the storage facility to do that, but if Frank wanted to pay, I was all for it. I gave him the address. I almost asked if Frank had rented the place directly from Adam Ruelle, but I recalled his reaction the last time I’d mentioned the name and decided to keep the question to myself. Frank thought Adam knew something, and maybe he did. But I’d find out what for myself. â€Å"I’ll arrange for a new guide,† Frank said, as if his last arrangement hadn’t died from a mortal throat wound. â€Å"I’ll take care of it.† In truth, I didn’t plan on hiring anyone. I couldn’t put another person in danger. I’d buy a gun; I’d done so before. Then I’d explore the swamp on my own. â€Å"If that’s what you want,† Frank agreed. â€Å"I’ll call you tomorrow.† â€Å"How about if I call you when I have some news?† I couldn’t work if he was going to check up on me all the time. He was already making me half-nuts. â€Å"All right,† he said slowly. â€Å"I’ll be out in the field a lot,† I explained. â€Å"My phone will be off.† â€Å"Of course.† Frank still sounded a bit miffed, but he said good-bye without further comment I moved to the balcony, checked the crowd once more. No one paid me any mind, which was as it should be. I began to think I’d only imagined being followed – again. I rationalized that even if the man had been staring at me, and I kind of thought he had, it was because he liked redheads, big girls, or balconies on Bourbon Street. Still, I shut and locked the French doors before heading for my laptop. I had an idea. Though wolves usually claim a fairly large territory, the proximity of the recent deaths made me think this wolf didn’t. Although, for all we knew, the thing had been killing throughout the swamp – a distance of some 250 square miles – and only the bodies closest to civilization, i.e., on the Ruelle property, had been found. I’d bookmarked the articles Frank had originally given me, and I brought them up on the screen, clicked through, made a few notes. I was just about to do a search for other mysterious animal killings under the crescent moon when a tiny photo of one of the swamp victims caught my eye. I clicked on the enlargement feature, and then I couldn’t move, speak, even breathe. Hell, I could barely think. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 8, Essay examples

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Human Relationships free essay sample

?To what extent do sociocultural factors influence human relationships? Human relationships are complex and consist of many stages, such as attraction, formation and maintenance, and possibly ending. There are also different types of relationships, such as romantic relationships, friendships or relationships between kin. Many possible factors exist that can affect relationships, one of them being culture. Culture is hard to define, but it could be defined as a system of values that a group of people have in common. In the original cross cultural study of mate selection, Buss found that physical attractiveness is more important to men all over the world and that financial resources are more important to women – gender differences which appeared to be universal. However, culture had a powerful impact on some aspects of mate preferences. Chastity was the greatest factor that was affected by culture. In Scandinavian countries, in the Netherlands and West Germany, chastity was seen as irrelevant. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociocultural Factors Influencing Human Relationships or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, in China, India, Indonesia, Taiwan and the Palestinian Arab, a great importance was placed on chastity in a potential mate. This shows that there are differences between cultures when it comes to attraction to a certain mate. However, Levine and Kito investigated cultural differences in the formation and maintenance of relationships. Levine investigated the importance of love in marriage, and Kito examined the importance of self-disclosure in relationships. Even though romantic love is an aspect that seems to be universal around the different cultures of the world, the importance of love for marriage is not seen as universally accepted. In many world cultures, marriage is arranged by family members and romantic love in these cultures is seen as irrelevant for marriages. Levine et al. conducted a study with the aim of examining the cross-cultural generality of the importance placed on romantic love in marriage decisions and to identify predictors and consequences of these differences. The participants in the study were 497 male and 673 female students of liberal arts in cities from 11 countries which were: India, Pakistan, Thailand, Mexico, United States (California), England, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Philippines and Hong Kong. The participants were asked three questions about their beliefs about the importance of love in marriage. Collectivism/individualism, the economic status (GDP) and the fertility, marriage and divorce rates of the countries were also examined. Individualist cultures emphasize self-interest and the interest of one’s immediate family, independence, initiative and achievement whilst collectivist countries emphasize the loyalty to the group, interdependence and the belief that group decisions are more important than individual ones. The results from the study showed that individualist countries were much more likely to rate love as essential for the establishment of a marriage and to agree that the disappearance of love is a sufficient reason to end a marriage. Also, countries with larger GDP showed the same tendency. Furthermore, the countries assigning greater importance to romantic love for the establishment of marriage had higher marriage rates, but also lower fertility rates and higher divorce rates. These divorce rates were highly correlated with the belief that the disappearance of love warranted the dissolution of marriage. In the Western nations and individualistic countries the importance of love was very big, and because of this, marriages dissolved easier as well because as soon as the love was gone, it was acceptable to get divorced. Another sociocultural aspect of human relationships is self-disclosure, which refers to how willing people are to discuss information related to themselves with other people. Here again, whether the cultures are individualistic and collectivistic show different concepts of self. Individualistic cultures foster an independent view of self and collectivistic cultures foster an interdependent view of self. People with an independent view of self may have a stronger need to express their uniqueness, while those with an interdependent view may need to restrain their uniqueness. A study by Kito was designed to investigate different aspects of self-disclosure, the main one being the differences in self-disclosure between Japanese (collectivistic culture) and American (individualistic culture) students. Kito used 145 college students, and they had to answer questions about friendships and romantic relationships, and were supposed to think about someone they were in love with at the time or someone they had once loved when answering the questions about the romantic relationships. The results showed that American students scored higher on self-disclosure on not only romantic relationships, but also friendships. This shows that depending on whether the culture that people belong to is collectivistic or individualistic, affects the degree of self-disclosure. This in turn affects the formation and the maintenance of relationships, because with the theory of self-disclosure, relationships form with self-disclosure, and the more you disclose the closer and better maintained the relationship is. Both of these studies only use students, which means that there was sampling bias and that the results cannot be generalized to all ages of the population. Levine et al. liberal arts students. Also, they use questionnaires, which limit the reliability of the results because there is a possibility that be participants are not answering them truthfully, raising the likelihood of biased results. Moreover, the results only show a correlation, and no cause and effect relationship can be established. The Levine et al. study not only uses two differing cultures, but compared 11 different cultures, making it more cross-cultural. This gives the conclusion that in Western countries and individualistic countries, the importance of love in marriage was very big, a higher credibility than the conclusion of the Kito study, where only two cultures were compared before it was concluded that individualistic cultures have a higher degree of self-disclosure. However, in the Levine et al. study, only the relationship of marriage was looked in to, whilst in the Kito study it was not only romantic relationships that were studied, but also friendships. This makes the results from the Kito study more useful. In conclusion, it is seen that even though some aspects of human relationships are seen as being universal, culture has a relatively large impact on human relationships. Individualistic cultures perceive the presence of love as being necessary in a marriage, while collectivistic cultures do not value the presence of love in a marriage as highly. Individualistic cultures also have a higher level of self-disclosure, so people from such a culture are more likely to reveal more about their self to the other person in the relationship. This illustrates that sociocultural factors such as whether a culture is individualistic or collectivistic extensively influence the relationships of the people within the cultures.

Sustainability of Heritage Tourism in Australia

Introduction Globalization increases the opportunities for heritage tourism across the globe and this comes with increasing economic growth across the globe as a result of its influence on trade and investment and hence a rise in world GDP.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Sustainability of Heritage Tourism in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Cooper, Dwyer, Edwards, Mistilis, Roman and Scott (2008, p. 1) heritage tourism has many other advantages which like promoting international understanding, diffusion of information technology, environmental awareness among many others. However, its negative impacts on the regions and the local communities by far outweigh its economic and social benefits. The negative impacts include evicting people from their homes which is a violation of fundamental human rights and environmental degradation. More money and human resources is used in support ing heritage tourism projects, including campaigns aimed at diluting the effects of criticisms labeled against it; despite their minimal returns. This implies that resources that could have been used to fund meaningful projects which could contribute to more sustainable environmental and social problems are channeled to ecotourism projects. Besides, ecotourism projects often cause conflicts due to changes in land-use. These projects do not deliver community-level benefits that they promise at the beginning since the money is collected by the county councils or game parks management. Ecotourism projects occasionally fail to live up to sustainability ideals. Issues of environmental conservation are usually overlooked in heritage tourism projects as it is generally assumed to be consumer-oriented. Those evicted from their original homes create extra pressure in the environments they migrate to leading to development of additional infrastructure and social amenities. This implies that t he already limited resources, including the non-renewable resources are used up. Natural land is converted to tourist infrastructure as forests and wildlife habitats are destroyed. Population pressure created by ecotourism also lead to pollution of the environment associated with western lifestyle since most of them do not understand the ecological consequences of their behaviors.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Heritage tourism in Australia According to Moore and Tourism Tasmania (2008, p. 7) Tourism Research Australia considers Australia’s cultural and natural resources to be the major attractions for both domestic and international tourists. Heritage tourists are usually attracted by historical sites, buildings and monuments; aboriginal communities and sites, arts and cultural displays; museums; cultural festivals and events, performing arts and theatr es among others (Heritage Council and Tourism Western Australia 2006). Statistics indicate that cultural and heritage visitors in Australia have increased since 2oo6 (Moore and Tourism Tasmania 2008, p. 7). Tourism Western Australia states that cultural and heritage tourism can help improve the economic vitality of Western Australian communities as well as to improve awareness and conservation and hence broaden the countries tourism base (Moore and Tourism Tasmania 2008, p. 9) Global Factors Impacting on Sustainability of Heritage tourism in Australia There are various global drivers and forces that have been identified by the Australia government as likely to shape heritage tourism in Australia (Cooper et al. 2008, p. 13). Global climatic change has a negative impact on the management and preservation of environmentally sensitive tourist resources and regions. It causes rise in sea level and flooding risks which damage the country’s infrastructure and in particular tourist i nfrastructure and facilities hence disrupting tourist activities. It also affects the mid-summer tourism sports. Generally, global climatic change discourages tourists from visiting Australia due to health risks that it poses hence lowering the revenue collected from cultural and heritage tourism (Cooper et al. 2008, pp. 32-33). Global political trends also affect the sustainability of heritage tourism. Conflicts in the Middle East occasionally lead to increases in fuel prices. This negatively impacts the demand for travel, especially travelling for tourism purposes. Local Factors Impacting on Sustainability of Heritage tourism in Australia Heritage degradation is affected by local factors such as local pollution, poverty, ideologies, tourism, war, religion, among others (Amoà ¹Å da, Lira and Pinheiro 2010, p. v). Although tourists involved in cultural and heritage tourism claim to help educate and create awareness, they do not understand their ecological influences in these areas. Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Sustainability of Heritage Tourism in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They dump garbage all over the place and this leads to pollution caused by the tourists themselves. It is also affected by the criticisms from those who feel that the resources used in developing cultural and heritage tourism projects could be used in developing another sustainable sector of the economy. The Phase of Human and Ecological Sustainability The sustainability of heritage and cultural tourism is in the strategies proactive phase. According to the Australian Tourist Commission (nd, i) the Australian Heritage Commission, the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism and the Department of Industry, Science and Resources have been involved in finding issues that affect the Australian heritage tourism for many years. There are also heritage managers whose duties are to enab le legislation and to protect and conserve heritage places that they manage (Australian tourism commission nd, p. 7). Sustainability efforts also involve indigenous custodians whose management responsibilities are to oversee places based in customary law. More research is also being done by many other organizations which are also involved promoting heritage tourism activities. One such corporate organization is the International Hotel Environment Initiative which is an educational charity working to help encourage improvements in environmental performance by raising environmental awareness aimed at encouraging good practices in the hotel industry (Commission on Sustainable Development Seventh Session 1999, p. 4) Sustainability Plan for cultural Heritage tourism in Australia The main objective for the sustainability plan for heritage tourism industry in Australia is to involve all stakeholders in the protection and enhancement of the aboriginal culture and heritage. Other objectives include developing and maintaining infrastructure that supports sustainable communities and tourism within the country. The purpose of the plan is to involve the government and other stakeholders, including the corporate organizations to better understand and contribute in protection and conservation of the cultural and heritage assets within the country. It emphasizes on the need for commitment by stakeholders to help preserve cultural heritage and to assist the indigenous people to achieve their cultural heritage aspirations.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Action Plan All cultural heritage sites and conservation areas will be fenced to ensure that the area is undisturbed. Secondly, all the personnel working in the cultural heritage industry must have completed a heritage management course or an induction on cultural and heritage awareness. Hazard analysis and environmental impact assessment will be carried out on all the existing cultural and heritage projects as well as new projects awaiting implementation so that any activity that poses environmental risk to the region or community to be relocated to the most suitable area. Monitoring of the heritage sites will be done by both the environmental and the indigenous groups’ representatives. Management of heritage sites will be done by heritage experts who fully understand the logistics involved in cultural heritage management and conservation. All heritage activities have to be authorized by the Department of Tourism in collaboration with the Department of Environment who mu st carry out an environmental impact assessment before allowing the activity. Relocation of heritage sites must also follow recommendations from the Department of Indigenous Affairs Standards. Appropriate protection measures on any new heritage project to be located around already existing heritage site’s conservation zone will be taken in order to ensure that the older heritage sites remain undisturbed. Involvement of corporate Organizations The government agencies to be involved in the management and conservation project include the Australian Cultural Heritage Management, the Department of Environment and Conservation, the Department of Indigenous Affairs and the Environmental Protection Authority. It will also involve the Traditional Custodian groups across all the regions in the country (Canning, Draper and Molt 2007, p. 10). Partnerships will also be established with other corporate and international organizations, mainly the International Hotel Environment Initiative, the US government, the UK government and the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. Project management The management will involve all the stakeholders at different levels. There will be the national coordinating office in Sydney and other regional offices in each region as well as district coordinating offices in each district. All the government agencies and corporate organizations will perform specific duties and responsibilities and will also be involved in collaborative work (Heritage Council and Tourism Western Australia 2006, p. 21). Decisions will be made by all the stakeholders or specific group whenever necessary. Avoiding environment and Social Impacts during the period During the period, there should a continued monitoring of all aboriginal heritage sites and consultations with the indigenous groups of each region in order to achieve sustainable development of the projects and to make them relevant to the indigenous communities. New benchmarks for every cul tural heritage site should be set after phase of the project implementation so as to realize sustainability. Heritage activities involving archaeological activities will involve archeological and ethnographic heritage surveys and also encompass all representative groups, including the Traditional Custodian groups (Government of Western Australia 2003). This will enable the project managers and organizers receive constructive feedback on the heritage activity and review the requirements for the projects. All the heritage sites will be zoned to ensure effective monitoring and protection measures are implemented in each zone. Phases of the Sustainability Plan for the project The first phase planned to take one year will involve carrying an environmental impact assessment and situational analysis of the existing government heritage assets and others which are privately managed or are left carefree. It will involve a baseline analysis on the contributions of heritage tourist activities o n the specific areas and communities. The second phase will take the next two years and will involve sensitizing the general public as well institutions on the need to protect and conserve cultural and heritage materials and sites. This will be done by non-governmental organizations under the coordination of the Department of Indigenous Affairs. However, this is expected o be continuous throughout the ten year period. This period also involves identification of each site’s or heritage material’s unique requirements and developing appropriate protection and conservation approach. It will also involve acquiring land and space for developing the identified projects and needs in each area. The research would be done by the Department of Environment and Conservation in collaboration with the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. This phase also involve developing strategies and policies for implementing and governing the project operations. The third phase, w hich will also take the next three years will involve implementations of the recommendations from the first and the second phase. It will also involve monitoring of the progress of each heritage site and activity and evaluating the outcome. At the end of the end of the first phase, auditing and evaluation is done on each project and the report is presented to all the stakeholders who then sit down to review the implementation process and the benchmarks for each project. The project is then given another two-year term to monitor the progress and review the bench in accordance with the outcome and make appropriate adjustments. The final two years will be to review the goals and strategies for protection and conservation and to try and implement long term goals. Sectoral Changes After the ten year plan, reviewing of the success of the project would require certain sectoral changes to make the projects in each region be more sustainable and beneficial to the people. It is therefore impo rtant to make decisions and planning which involve the local government. According to Amery, Hiscox-Price, Leong and Thompson (2010, p. 7) inclusion of the council in heritage activities helps in creating favorable tourism condition and effective environmental management. This also helps in enabling the local communities to realize the multiplier effects of the projects within their communities (Canning, Draper and Molt 2007). Summary Heritage tourism has both negative and positive impacts on all sectors of the economy. This document studies the negative impacts of tourism and how best to counter its negative impacts on the ecological environment. It analyzes the possible negative impacts on the heritage industry in Australia and the possible management strategies to help combat the negative impacts of heritage tourism. Conclusion Effective heritage tourism management involves evaluating the impacts of the tourism activity the environment and the area which it occurs. Heritage touri sm management should not be left to Department of Indigenous Affairs and the Department of Tourism alone; it should involve all stakeholders, including communities. Better management and conservation strategy need to be developed and implemented to help protect the ecological environment. Reference List Amery, J., Hiscox-Price, N., Leong, C, Thompson, K., 2010, Beverley Tourism Management, feasibility and sustainability plan: A Destination management strategic plan: 2005 – 2009. Web. Amoà ¹Å da, R, Lira, S., Pinheiro, C., 2010. Heritage 2010: Heritage and sustainable development. Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development. Web. Australian Tourism Commission. Successful tourism at heritage places: A guide for tourism operators, heritage managers and communities. Web. Canning, S., Draper, N. Molt, D., 2007. Industrial site ‘A’: Retrieval and relocation of heritage sites and bulk earthworks phase. Australian Cultural Heritage Management. Web. Commission o n Sustainable Development Seventh Session., 1999, Tourism and Sustainable development: The global Importance of tourism. World Travel and Tourism Organization and International Hotel and Restaurant Association. New York: Routledge. Cooper, C, Dwyer, L, Edwards, D., Mistilis, N, Roman, C., Scott, N., 2008, Megatrends underpinning tourism to 2010: Analysis of key drivers for change. CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd. Queensland: Wiley. Dioko, L. A.N Gujadhur, T., n. d Packaging heritage for tourism: Modeling the effects on the practice and transmission of intangible heritage. Macao: Institute for Tourism Studies. Heritage Council and Tourism Western Australia., 2006. A heritage tourism strategy for Western Australia. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Online. Government of Western Australia., 2003, Hope for the future: The Western Australian State sustainability strategy. Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Perth: WA Government. Moore, G., Tourism Tasmania., 2008, Culture and heritage tourism: Understanding the issues and success factors. Queensland: CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd. This critical writing on Sustainability of Heritage Tourism in Australia was written and submitted by user Bo B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cloud compounding impact on businesses

Cloud compounding impact on businesses Definition of cloud compounding Cloud compounding refers to a configuration that permits the provision of ubiquitous and efficient real-time network access to pooled computing resources. These resources are configurable and include networks, storage, servers, services and applications. Access to these resources is fast and requires minimal management effort or intervention by a service provider. Cloud compounding allows users in a network to access resources that are not in the user computer but elsewhere in the internet (Gartner, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud compounding impact on businesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How it works The cloud was a product of global computing infrastructure developed by large online based companies such as Google and Amazon, to run their own operations. These companies developed large data centers in different parts of the world with high speed connections, and id entified business opportunities in providing additional data storage and computing services to other organizations. The data centers can hold tens of thousands of servers, each of which runs an operating system application that is capable of providing numerous ‘virtualized’ atmospheres to clients. Consumers can use these environments to operate their own programs, without intruding on other applications running concurrently on the same server (Gartner, 2012). Efficient management of the virtualization process is possible through the integration of systems that enhance stability and security of the cloud. The three main types of clouds are public, private and hybrid clouds. These clouds are used for various services as infrastructure, applications and platforms (Gartner, 2012). Advantage of cloud compounding Cloud services are useful to consumers, businesses ad public authorities. The most popular cloud service for businesses involves productivity suites that function in a similar manner to popular applications like word editors. An example of such a cloud suite is ‘Office 365’ by Microsoft, which contains word processing, spreadsheets and presentation tools. Cloud compounding provides organizations with a flexible form of outsourcing since it minimizes ICT operation and maintenance costs, while enabling the consolidation and optimization of computer hardware and software resources (Fielder Brown, 2012). Businesses are able to save on costs that would have, otherwise, been used to purchase expensive infrastructure. Using the cloud allows companies to allocate operational budgets as required and allows businesses to try out various novel services and roll-out the most effective ones. This allows small businesses with limited infrastructure to access the necessary business services that are available on the cloud including business continuity planning, management of demand spikes and full outsourcing requirements.Advertising Loo king for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Clouds enhance the collaboration process between various organizational functions by forming the link between multiple providers. Cloud compounding also reduces the infrastructure requirements for new businesses, which allows them to focus their limited resources on scaling (Fielder Brown, 2012). Disadvantages of cloud compounding Consumers and businesses are faced with cloud compounding challenges. The main concerns for consumers include data security, provider failures and access to law enforcement. The primary concerns for businesses are confidentiality of corporate data, privacy and integrity of services. Other challenges for businesses associated with cloud compounding include loss of control of services, lack of liability of providers, intra-cloud migration challenges and vague terms of payment (Fielder Brown, 2012). The main hurdle for both consumers and business es in adopting cloud compounding are lack of privacy and standardisation. Data security risks involve the interception of data during authentication and communication within the cloud. Providers are not transparent on safety mechanisms for cloud users, though they provide dedicated clouds that are managed by individual organizations. Additional safety procedures involve audit and verification of systems of the providers (Fielder Brown, 2012). Contribution to business value and performance Cloud compounding has different uses depending on the user. For consumers, the cloud is used for file storage, email, payment, information and content sharing and music and video streaming. Businesses, on the other hand, are motivated to take up cloud compounding in order to reduce capital expenditure, allow flexible scalability of IT infrastructure, enhance business continuity due to ease of recovery from disasters, optimize on computing capacity, eliminate the need for expertise and better contr ol of marginal costs. Businesses use the cloud for project management, as a collaboration platform and for the design of custom programs (Gartner, 2012). Cloud compounding is useful in business operations since it enables organizations to focus their finances on necessary resources. It allows for economies of scale, access to a wide variety of services and proficient use of resources. Businesses that use cloud compounding are able to increase their performance in two ways. To start with, companies use clouds to overcome the drudgery of putting up and sustaining IT infrastructure. This enables them to direct their resources to the optimization of available infrastructure. Secondly, clouds provide businesses with flexibility in terms of easy modification of existing IT infrastructure in scaling the organization. The costs involved in transforming the company IT infrastructure, due to changes in the business processes, are considerably less compared to changing traditional IT services (Gartner, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud compounding impact on businesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research shows that small businesses and start-ups are migrating to cloud compounding faster than the larger organizations. For instance, mobile application markets are cloud enabled. This is due to the numerous benefits associated with cloud compounding. The widespread adoption of businesses to cloud compounding is expected to increase due to its characteristic of improving business agility and the tendency of companies to move towards green initiatives (Fielder Brown, 2012). References Fielder, A., Brown, I. (2012). Cloud Computing: Internal Market and Consumer Protection. Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy. Gartner, D. P. (2012). The Business Landscape of Cloud Computing. Financial Times: The connected business.

Six Rules for Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

Six Rules for Making Subjects and Verbs Agree Six Rules for Making Subjects and Verbs Agree Six Rules for Making Subjects and Verbs Agree By Michael If you want to write proper English, you have to follow a rule called subject-verb agreement. That means that if the subject is plural (ducks), then the verb needs to be plural (quack). If the subject is singular (duck) then the verb needs to be singular (quacks). This issue is not as picky and unimportant as you might think. Traditionally, American novelists who wanted to show that a character was uneducated would give them dialog with incorrect subject-verb agreement: Waall, we is just gonna have to ride after them, aint we? or But suh, dey tells me not to do dat! It could be worse. If you spoke Basque, the object would have to agree with the subject too. In many languages, such as French, pronouns and nouns, even inanimate objects, have gender, and they have to agree with each other too. In proper Turkish, some vowels need to agree. Notice that English verbs, unlike nouns, usually dont become plural by adding s. In fact, many singular, present-tense verbs end with s, while many plural verbs dont exactly the opposite of nouns. More than anything else, sentences that begin with several nouns tend to fool people. Here are some rules to guide you into what you should do with them: Two singular subjects connected with and are plural, and need a plural verb. For example, which is correct: My mother and my father are visiting me or My mother and my father is visiting me? After all, its correct to say My father is visiting me. But two parents together are plural, not singular, so you need to use are. Of course, a plural subject combined with a singular subject is still plural, and you would use a plural verb. For example, this is correct: The general and his advisers are responsible for the decision. To make it less confusing, we put the plural subject last, closest to the verb. Two singular subjects connected with the conjunctions or or nor need a singular verb. For example, My mother or my father is going to call me today is correct, because only one of them will be calling. It works the same way with andor and neithernor: Neither my mother nor my father is going to call me today. If one of the subjects is plural, use a plural verb: The general or his advisers are responsible for the decision. Again, we put the plural subject last, closest to the verb. Dont get distracted if theres another phrase between the subject and the verb. For example, you should say My sister, along with her children, is visiting me next month; even though you would say My sister and her daughters are visiting me next month. The verb needs to agree with the subject, not with other nouns that happen to precede the verb. Words such as either, neither, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, none or each, are singular and need a singular verb. As we just said, dont be fooled if a singular subject is followed by plural nouns. For example, when you write each of my daughters, make sure the verb agrees with the singular subject each instead of the plural noun daughters. And the singular subject everyone who knows my daughters should be followed by the singular predicate is impressed by them, not are impressed by them. On the other hand, fractions or portions of a plural noun are still plural. Often these are expressed with prepositional phrases: most of the students or half of the campus. Use a singular verb if the object of the preposition is singular, but a plural verb if its plural. For example, write Some of the students are wealthy, and Half of the campus is covered with trees. Time and money are singular. Yes, five is plural, and the word yards is plural, but you would write Five yards is all I need to finish my sewing project. Notice that many of these rules are really just warnings to look carefully at the sentences you write. Once you know that subjects and verbs need to agree, and you know what counts as the subject and what doesnt, you are on your way to sounding more educated. Subject-Verb Agreement Quiz In each sentence, choose the correct form of the verb. 1. Either Jack or the children ___ too loud. is are 2. Everyone ____ chocolate. loves love 3. My sister, along with her children, ___ visiting me next month. is are 4. Neither my mother nor my father ___ going to call me today. are is Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Developing Appropriate Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Developing Appropriate Training - Essay Example The importance of training in modern organizational setup can be realized from the fact that all the organizations, whether small or large, allocate a considerable percentage of their annual budget for the purpose of training and development, realizing its contribution in making their business processes more effective and efficient. As the scenario indicates, the staff working in the organization keeps on ignoring the instructions given by Jim Delaney, the president of Apex Doors. They always try to do the task their own way and ignore their president's instructions that aim to make the business processes more effective and efficient. As a result of this, the organization has to face a number of problems. The first one as highlighted by this scenario is the non synchronous working. This also results in the development of the product different from the one desired. Moreover, failing to follow the guidelines of design department, an additional cost on each unit produced is also an additional burden to the organization, reducing their profit margin. The scenario further reveals that there are a number of loopholes in the training process of the organization. For example, the job descriptions are, in most cases, missing, the training manuals simply do not exist, there are no formal procedures of training the new inductees etc. ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM After a thorough analysis of the situation, the main problem that is identified is lack of proper training. The proper training processes in the organizations should be organized in order to bridge the gap between what the President wants his staff to do and what the staff currently does. What actually Jim wants in this case is to impart the organizational culture and the best practices of the organization to the staff of the organization, especially the new inductees, so that a consistency can be ensures across all the departments, across different periods of time and regardless of the fact that who is working and who is leaving. The training will therefore help in achieving these objectives. Although, there does exist a so-called 'training' system in the organization, yet it is not very effective on account of its number of weaknesses. First of all: There are no training manuals The process of handing over is not so well No fixed procedure for the training of the new Inductees No Job Description available OVERVIEW OF INTERVENTION The recommended solution to this problem is as follows: Introduce a formal and organized training program for new inductees, which every new inductee should undergo. Develop a training manual for each of the designation Provide separate skill-based training to all the employees, according to their jobs Provide a combined training related to the specific organizational culture of the organization. Develop a job description which also clearly states the relation of their task to other departments Introduce the concepts of knowledge management. This means that the best practices should remain in the organization, even if the practitioner of those best practices leaves the organization. This can be done by storing those best practi

Core Curriculum Content Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Core Curriculum Content Standards - Essay Example In large part, both the New Jersey curriculum standards and the National Core Curriculum Standards are designed to prepare students for the college environment. Indeed, this is one of the major noted concerns of the establishment of the standards, as it was believed that previously public school systems had not gone far enough in establishing stringent enough instructional methods that consider the importance of college preparation. Another important element that is reflected across both curriculum standards is the importance of combining both content and skill specific knowledge. In both instances, this knowledge is incorporated into the specific curriculum designations. Indeed, it’s noted that, â€Å". The Standards set a rigorous definition of college and career readiness, not by piling topic upon topic, but by demanding that students develop a depth of understanding and ability (‘Myths vs. Facts).† Indeed, it’s clear that the underlining philosophy behi nd the two sets of standards are directly in-line with each other. While the overriding philosophy of the state and national curriculum standards are in-line with each other they differ along a specific line.

Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument Essay Example for Free

Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument Essay George Berkeley was an Irish bishop and empiricist. His core philosophy was ‘esse est percipi’ this translates to, to be, is to be perceived. Berkeley believed that both primary and secondary objects were perceiver dependent believed that the world was not was not separate from the mind ergo; he was an immaterialist (we perceive things in the mind). He started his argument for empiricism by stating that in order for things to exist they must be perceived, due to holding this view point he thought that everything depends on the mind. This raises an immediate problem. If everything is perceiver dependent, what happens when an object is not being perceived? Does it simply pop out of existence? This argument does not seem coherent. This is due to the idea being an extremely irrational understanding of the world. The concept can also be disproved. This is because if we could put a video camera into a room and leave it so no one perceived the room and the objects in it and it would not disappear. Berkeley later added to his argument, as an attempt to solve this problem that no object is un-perceived. He claims objects do not disappear out of exist due to there being a constant perceiver, God. This is as God is omnipresent therefore, he always perceives the world. Thus objects do not pop out existence as they are constantly perceived. However by adding the existence of God to his argument it became weak. This is due to a huge assumption. This assumption is that God exists. There are many arguments both for and against God’s existence, such as the teleological argument and the problem of evil. It seems strange to base a theory of object’s existence on a being whose existence is unproven. Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeley’s argument for objects existences. Russell argued that if he was sat in his chair and his cat was in one corner of the room and he turned round on his chair and the cat was at the other side of the room, according to Berkeley there was only two possible ways this could have happened. Firstly the cat could have popped out of existence when Russell turned on his chair and then popped back into existence when he had turned back round. Or secondly, the cat could have walked across the room when he was turned on the chair due to God perceiving it. Russell claimed that these two possibilities were irrational and we could not use these two claims for the existence of objects.

Making Best of the Bad - Original Writing :: Papers

Making Best of the Bad - Original Writing What is the meaning of life? That is a question that I ask myself and I'm sure you do as well. Sometimes I just sit there on my own, when things aren't going to great and have a wonder. I always come up with the same answer usually. 'Dunno'. I asked this question a lot to myself when my parents were splitting up. As I didn't know what the point of me being here was. But, now I have come through that rollercoaster of emotions. I think I have come out a bigger and better person. I look back at my life, when I was in my early childhood around seven or eight. They were some fabulous times, the hot scorching sunny days, the sky as blue as the rippled ocean. I remember feeling top of the world, playing footy with mates from sunrise to sunset. Life really couldn't have felt better. And why couldn't it? Because there was nothing wrong. As long as nothing is wrong, you will feel nothing but pure genuine joy. But as soon as something does go wrong, its hits you harder than anything, like being knocked down by a five tonne lorry. It feels like you will never get up again, and that everyone else's life is better. You feel so low, that you do not know what to do with yourself and you cannot trust anyone. This is what happened to me. That feeling is indescribable. All I can say is that it hurts. Although I did get knocked down, I did get back up and fight back. It was a long haul to say the least. But right now I can say that things that pretty much are back to their best. I mean can you give me one reason why it's good to mope around and feeling sorry for yourself? No. I didn't think you could. That's why you have to try and claw back what you once had. When your family is the most important thing to

Physical Changes on a Flower

[pic] The Stages of a Flower from Seed to Bloom (The process by which flowers changed physically) It usually takes at least seven weeks for a flower propagated from a seed to bloom. The growth and development of flowers occurs over several weeks from the germination of seeds planted in the ground to the time in which flowers bloom. The entire process happens in about five stages for most flowers. Although different flower species have various bloom periods, the general growth and development process is basically the same for all flowers.Moderate variations in the length of time of certain stages may differ by flower species. Stage 1: Days 1 Through 5 The seed begins the germination process soon after being planted. During day 3 of the initial growth and development stage, imbibition starts whereby the dry seed takes in water from the ground. Shortly after this occurs, the radical (root) emerges from the seed coat on or about day 4. On day 5, the radical begins to extend and develops a root system at one end and a stem at the other end.The stem starts the process of making its way upward and eventually past the soil's surface. Stage 2: Days 6 Through 26 Stage 2 is the stage in which a flower's leaves develop. Leaf development usually begins on day 6 and continues to day 26. Leaves begin as tiny rosettes (leaf buds). As the stem begins growing leaves, the development of a flower's primary root structure also culminates usually sometime after day 14. Even though leaf growth does not officially happen until stage 3, the first leaf buds may begin growing after day 18 and continue until day 26. Stage 3: Days 19 Through 30Slight leaf growth overlap exists between stages 2 and 3 to account for the time period in which the initial leaf buds embark on growth. However, stage 3 officially marks the entire leaf growth period. During this stage all of the leaf buds grow until each one reaches full maturity at about day 29. It's also possible for stage 4 to begin during the l atter part (day 26) of the leaf growth stage. Stage 4: Day 26 Day 26 is the day in which most flowers experience inflorescence emergence. In other words, flower buds start appearing on the stem, signifying stage 4 of development.It often occurs toward the end of stage 3 leaf growth; however, it is treated as a separate stage, because the period indicates the growth and development exclusively of flowers. Stage 5: Days 31 Through 49 Stage 5 commences the flower production phase. On approximately day 31, the first flower bud opens. Additional flower buds continue opening throughout a roughly 18-day bloom period until day 49 at which point flower production typically ends. Why some chemical changes are important? Without chemical reactions, chemical processes and chemical changes could not occur.Without chemical processes, life is not possible. Anything alive is alive (at least in part, if not in sum) because of the biochemical processes going on in the organism. No chemistry equals no life. All living things are (without exception) biochemical mechanisms or biochemical machines. [pic]References:1. The Stages of a Flower From Seed to Bloom | eHow. com  http://www. ehow. com/list_7576728_stages-flower-seed-bloom. html#ixzz2BpA87y462. http://wiki. answers. com/ Q/ Why_ are_ chemical_ reactions_ important_ in_ living_ things3. http://www. oogle. com. ph /imgres? um=1&hl= fil&biw= 1024&bih =505&tbm= isch&tbnid= ZAM01aVdTEe4zM :&imgrefurl= http://www. usnon. com/ incidence- of-hypertrophic -scars- physiology -of-vitamin -d-3. htm &docid =k3rsn FHNOJIXuM&imgurl = http://www. usnon. com/ wp-content/ uploads/ 2009/1 0/ Figure

Ethics And Entertainment Assignment

Artistic Freedom, Commercial Demands, and Ethical Responsibility Resources: Case Study 75: â€Å"The Voice of America† in Media Ethics; Chi. 17 of Media Ethics; and â€Å"Popular Culture: Rage, Rights, and Responsibility' video located on the student website. Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper that addresses the following: Explain what arguments entertainers and their supporters use to justify the use of questionable content. Evaluate the moral, artistic, and commercial underpinnings of those arguments. Explain what types of content should be ensured.List the criteria that would, from your ethical perspective, be appropriate for limiting access to content. Explain why these criteria are ethically appropriate. Explain who should be responsible for censoring content and why. Cite at least two references. Format your paper consistent with PAP guidelines. Resources: Chi. 14 & 17 of Media Ethics; Case Study 74: ‘†Video Game Rage† in Media Ethics; â€Å"Popular C ulture: Rage, Rights, and Responsibility' video located on the student website. Select a popular video game that has been the target of censorship.Write a 1 ,050- to 1,750-word paper that analyzes the arguments for and against the censorship of the video game you selected. Include the following: Describe the concept and game-play of the video game. Identify the main arguments for and against censoring the video game. Explain the artistic, commercial, and ethical considerations behind each argument. Explain whether the video game should be censored or not censored and on what grounds. Explain who is responsible for censorship or, if the video game should not be censored, who is responsible for the potential effect of the content.

History of Automatic Teller Machines or ATM

History of Automatic Teller Machines or ATM An automatic teller machine or ATM allows a bank customer to conduct their banking transactions from almost every other ATM machine in the world. As is often the case with inventions, many inventors contribute to the history of an invention, as is the case with the ATM. Keep reading to learn about the many inventors behind the automatic teller machine or ATM. Hole in the Wall Luther Simjian came up with the idea of creating a hole-in-the-wall machine that would allow customers to make financial transactions. In 1939, Luther Simjian applied for 20 patents related to his ATM invention and field tested his ATM machine in what is now Citicorp. After six months, the bank reported that there was little demand for the new invention and discontinued its use. Modern Prototypes Some experts have the opinion that James Goodfellow of Scotland holds the earliest patent date of 1966 for a modern ATM, and John D White (also of Docutel) in the US is often credited with inventing the first free-standing ATM design. In 1967, John Shepherd-Barron invented and installed an ATM in a Barclays Bank in London. Don Wetzel invented an American made ATM in 1968. However, it wasnt until the mid to late 1980s that ATMs became part of mainstream banking. Luther Simjian Luther Simjian is best known for his invention of the Bankmatic automatic teller machine or ATM. Born in Turkey on January 28, 1905, he studied medicine at school but had a life-long passion for photography. Simjians first big commercial invention was a self-posing and self-focusing portrait camera. The subject was able to look a mirror and see what the camera was seeing before the picture was taken. Simjian also invented a flight speed indicator for airplanes, an automatic postage metering machine, a colored x-ray machine, and a teleprompter. Combining his knowledge of medicine and photography, he invented a way to project images from microscopes and methods of photographing specimens under water. He moved to New York in 1934 started his own company called Reflectone to further develop his inventions. John  Shepherd Barron According to BBC News, the worlds first ATM was installed in a branch of Barclays in Enfield, North London. John  Shepherd Barron, who worked for the printing firm De La Rue was the chief inventor. In a Barclays press release, the bank stated that comedy actor Reg Varney, star of TV sitcom On the Buses, became the first person in the country to use a cash machine at Barclays Enfield on June  27, 1967. The ATMs were at that time called DACS for De La Rue Automatic Cash System. John  Shepherd Barron  was the managing director of De La Rue Instruments, the company which made the first ATMs. At that time plastic ATM cards did not exist. John Shepherd Barrons ATM machine took checks that were impregnated with carbon 14, a slightly radioactive substance. The ATM machine would detect the carbon 14 mark and match it against a personal identification number (PIN). The idea of a PIN was thought up by John  Shepherd Barron  and refined by his wife Caroline, who changed John’s six-digit number to four as it was easier to remember. John  Shepherd Barron  never patented his ATM invention instead he decided to try to keep his technology a trade secret. John  Shepherd Barron  stated that after consulting with Barclays lawyers, we were advised that applying for a patent would have involved disclosing the coding system, which in turn would have enabled criminals to work the code out. In 1967, a bankers conference was held in Miami with 2,000 members in attendance. John  Shepherd Barron  had just installed the first ATMs in  England and was invited to talk at the conference. As a result, the first American order for a John  Shepherd Barron  ATM was placed. Six ATMs were installed at the First Pennsylvania Bank in Philadelphia.   Don Wetzel Don Wetzel was the co-patentee and chief conceptualist of an automated teller machine, an idea he said he thought of while waiting in line at a Dallas bank. At the time (1968) Don Wetzel was the Vice President of Product Planning at Docutel, the company that developed automated baggage-handling equipment. The other two inventors listed on the Don Wetzel patent were Tom Barnes, the chief mechanical  engineer  and George Chastain, the electrical engineer. It took five million dollars to develop the ATM. The concept first began in 1968,  a working prototype  came about in 1969 and Docutel  was issued  a patent in 1973. The first Don Wetzel ATM was installed in a New  York-based  Chemical Bank. Note: There are different claims to which bank had the first Don Wetzel ATM, I have used Don Wetzels own reference. Don Wetzel on the first ATM installed at the Rockville Center, New York Chemical Bank from  a NMAH  interview: No, it wasnt in a lobby, it was actually in the wall of the bank, out on the street. They put a canopy over it to protect it from the rain and the weather of all sorts.  Unfortunately, they put the canopy too high and the rain came under it. One time we had water in the machine and we had to do some extensive repairs. It was a walkup on the outside of the bank. That was the first one. And it was a cash dispenser only, not a full ATM... We had a cash dispenser, and then the next version was going to be the total teller (created in 1971), which is the ATM we all know today takes deposits, transfers money from checking to savings, savings to checking, cash advances to your  credit card, takes payments; things like that. So they didnt want just a cash dispenser alone. ATM Cards The first ATMs were  off-line  machines, meaning money was not automatically withdrawn from an account, as bank accounts were not then connected by a computer network to the ATM. Banks were at first very exclusive about who they gave ATM privileges to. Giving them only to  credit card  holders with good banking records. Don Wetzel, Tom  Barnes, and George Chastain developed the first ATM cards to have a magnetic strip and a personal ID number to get cash. ATM cards had to be different from  credit cards  (then without magnetic strips) so account information could be included.

Annotated Bibliography on Tacrine

Annotated Bibliography on Tacrine Sathyan G et al (1995) studied the effect of solvents such as water, propylene glycol and ethanol and their mixtures for transdermal drug delivery on in vitro permeation of tacrine through rat and human skin. Largest flux and permeability were observed from ethanol-propylene glycol and water-ethanol binary mixtures, respectively. Excellent correlation between the rat and human skin data was observed. The formulations were found to be devoid of skin irritancy property. Ethanol-propylene glycol (1:1) mixture with a flux of 98 Â µg/cm 2 through rat skin was found to be a promising solvent system for the transdermal delivery of Tacrine. Yanq Q et al (2001) formulated microparticles of tacrine using poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) by solvent evaporation technique. Effect of formulation variables on Encapsulation efficiency and release was studied. Results showed an increase in encapsulation efficiency by 10 times and decrease in rate of release when molecular weight of polymer was changed from 8,000to 59,000 and 155,000 The study indicated that tacrine microparticles have a strong potential for long term treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Kankkunen T et al (2002) investigated the iontophoretic delivery of Tacrine on 10 healthy adult volunteers by comparing a commercial LOGEL electrode with an ion exchange fibre formulation. Clinically significant plasma concentrations 21.3 + 5.9 ng/ml was achieved by commercial system whereas 14.9 + 2.6 ng/ml was achieved through ion exchange fibre system. The study showed that iontophoretic delivery of Tacrine is safe .Serum alanine transferase levels

Conclusion for the thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion for the thesis - Essay Example However, rural areas of the world are lacking behind the modern world, in terms of growth as well as learning due to lack of exposure to the internet. This paper is seeks to examine the solutions to the rural sectors of the world with this regard. Since using a cable is far too expensive as well as complex, we will study the use of an antenna instead. An antenna is not only inexpensive, but also very easy to install and use, as well as covers a greater area as compared to the cable. An antenna can make WLAN, WMAN, WPAN as well as WWAN very easy to use. Before I start my paper, it is essential to know certain properties of antennas, to get familiar with certain terms in the rest of my paper. An antenna has four different properties. The properties are as follows: If the antenna is perpendicular to the wire, it is radiating electricity at its maximum. In case the pattern of the radiation is vertical to the whip, it could be labeled as omnidirectional. In case the whip is slightly tilted, the signal minimum, also known as the ‘null’ tends to disappear. The reason why the radiation pattern is important is because one needs to ensure that in the desired direction of communication, the null is not existent. Polarization refers to the orientation of the communication system. In case other antennas in a similar structure are oriented similarly, they are regarded as having similar polarization. In case the whip is vertical, while the antenna has a horizontal polarization, the communication pattern would not be very effective. One of the most essential concerns that would arise during this procedure would involve how well the power is transmitted to the antenna. In case the antenna’s circuit is able to carry a load of 50 ohm, the antenna needs to have an ‘impedance’ of at least 50 ohms in order to maximize its results. An antenna is essentially an electronic device that converts the

Risk investment in Construction industry Essay

Risk investment in Construction industry - Essay Example In addition, a case study in China’s construction industry is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of risk management. Although the Chinese construction industry has organised a risk management campaign, the anticipated continuous improvement in risk alleviation fails to be realised in the industry. There are some obstacles to the successful implementation of risk management practices in a planned economy including those stemming from both within (internal) and outside (external) an organisation. This study aims to unveil these major obstacles by a survey analysed with the proper methodology. These obstacles include the mandatory requirement by the government; acute competition in the construction market; commitment and leadership of top management; bidding policies; labor training; unique specialties of the industry; statistical methods; organisation structures and teamwork; and resource input. The study reveals that such actions should be implemented that affects the industry’s external factor, in which, it is more crucial than internal factors in hampering the successful progress of the co nstruction industry in Asia, specifically in China. Based on the analysis of risk management approaches and the pitfalls of quality certification in the construction industry of China, this paper proposes that active implementation of a risk management system is more effective than passive implementation in the pursuit of continuous risk management for quality improvement. The construction industry plays a very important role in the national economy in both developed and developing countries (Miles and Neale, 1991). There is normally a vigorous demand for construction in industrialisation and urbanisation, which is reflected from the sizeable proportion of added value of the construction industry in the gross domestic product (GDP) (Hillebrandt, 2000). In the period of economy take-off in Japan from 1956 to 1973, the percentage of the

Discuss Reproductive Alternatives Research Paper

Discuss Reproductive Alternatives - Research Paper Example Georgia Reproductive Specialists (n.d.) stated, ‘The procedure, called Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval, requires neither hospitalization nor general anesthesia. In order to prepare a proper environment in the woman and to increase the chances of recovering several healthy and mature eggs, the woman will undergo about two weeks of intensive preparation. This will include hormonal therapy with "fertility drugs." Blood tests and ultrasound scans of the ovaries are used to determine the optimal time to retrieve the eggs from the ovary. This optimal time is just before ovulation when the oocytes are almost ready for fertilization. At the proper time, an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia will allow the females eggs to be visualized by ultrasound and retrieved from the ovary by placing a needle through the vaginal wall. Usually, the eggs will develop into cleaving pre-embryos, whose cells divide 2 or 3 times to become preimplantation embryos (pre-embryos). Using a special cath eter, the couples pre-embryos will be passed through the vagina and into the uterus at the time the pre-embryos would normally have reached the uterus (2+ days after retrieval). After the pre-embryo placement in the uterus, the patient will lie quietly in a bed for about an hour, and then will return home.’ The process of Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval can actually bring about emotional stress and even anxiety. Like other alternatives, it does not guarantee a hundred percent accuracy. It is also said to have serious side effects, however, drawbacks can be prevented once those are immediately detected. Another option that is becoming popular is the surrogate mothering. Malpani, Annirudha and Malpani, Anjali wrote, ‘The word "surrogate" means substitute or replacement and a surrogate mother is one who lends her uterus to another couple so that they can have a baby. In the West where fewer and fewer babies are offered for adoption, surrogacy is gaining popularity, despite

The Life Of John C Calhoun History Essay

The Life Of John C Calhoun History Essay Throughout his lifetime, John Caldwell Calhoun achieved many different titles. He had experience as a statesman, a political philosopher, a secretary of war, a secretary of state, a member of the Senate, a member of Congress, the leading champion of Southern rights, and even Vice President of the United States (USGenWeb 1). No matter what position he held, his views and dreams for the South stayed consistent. During his career as vice president, he constantly pushed Jackson to help keep the South alive (Bartlett 26). Calhoun spent much of his life promoting growth of the South. John Calhoun was born on a South Carolina farm in 1782. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was a very religious man who treated his son very badly. He was a judge, owned countless slaves, and had also served in the South Carolina legislature (Capers 4). John, however, graduated from Yale in 1804 and studied law at Tapping Reeves in Litchfield, CN (Capers 9-11). In 1811, John married a distant cousin and had 9 children. Calhouns marriage brought him great fortune. As a result, Calhoun built a plantation called Fort Hill in 1825 (Bartlett 39). As time went by, Calhoun began involving himself with political philosophy, ideas, and business more often. He was later referred to as a thinking machine, always speaking in a very fast, serious manner (Niven 49). In 1808, John Calhoun was elected to the State legislature of South Carolina, beginning his career in politics. Two years later, he was elected to the Unites States House of Representatives. Henry Clay selected Calhoun to be the chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee. He, among others, strongly encouraged the War of 1812. Calhoun urged the House to build a strong army. Even after the war, his efforts towards achieving a stronger military continued (Niven 98). Over time, however, it seems as though the level of importance of a strong military in Calhouns mind decreased significantly. In 1846, John Calhoun refused to vote in favor of the declaration of war against Mexico. Eventually, the idea of peace entered Calhouns mind as right and therefore determined war as, in his words, a positive evil (Cralle 277). In 1817, Calhoun went into James Monroes Cabinet as a nationalist. In Monroes Cabinet, he was the secretary of state until 1825 (Capers 61). Calhoun later served as vice president to John Quinsy Adams from 1825 to 1829. He was later elected vice president again under Andrew Jackson (USGenWeb 1). Both of his terms as vice president to the Unites States is what he is best known as. During the time of Calhouns term as vice president to Andrew Jackson, the Nullification Crisis surfaced. This time period is directly linked to the Tariff of Abominations along with the resulting chaos that that followed (Bartlett 102). Calhoun wished to run for president after Jacksons term was over, but during Jacksons first term, he and Calhoun had many conflicts. Jackson was furious when he discovered that Calhoun had criticized his invasion of Florida in 1818. Also, John C. Calhoun had his thoughts and beliefs concerning the Tariff of Abominations expressed in The South Carolina Exposition and Protest. This was later referred to as Calhouns Exposition. Although Calhoun had written this document anonymously, the author of the document was still clear to many. In this document, Calhoun warned that if the Tariff of Abominations was not rejected, South Carolina would break away. It was also stated by Calhoun that if it was decided that a Federal document was unconstitutional, any st ate held the right to nullify the document. This idea was later named Calhouns Doctrine of nullification. Calhoun made a clear attempt to convince others that the Tariff of Abominations was a direct attack on the South (Niven 180-181). In 1832, Calhoun resigned as vice president and soon after got elected into the senate. He used this opportunity to defend South Carolina. In that same year, South Carolina announced that the Tariff of Abominations was null in void in that state. When the other Southern states did not follow South Carolinas example as originally planned, Henry Clay proposed a compromise designed to lower the tariffs over a long period of time (USGenWeb 1). While in the Senate during the 1830s, Calhoun began attacking abolitionists and demanding that revolts against slavery in the North be stopped. He also did not want abolitionist petitions to be acknowledged by Congress (Bartlett 210). John Calhoun defended both slavery and the South with all of his might. Calhoun was soon after known to be the most popular slavery defender by many people (Bartlett 235). Although he made his plans of being chosen to run in the presidential election in the letters he had written to his friends, few people expected Calhoun to carry out the attitude of a candidate (Bartlett 237). The closer it got to the presidential race, the more Calhoun would go out of his way to not only impress the people, but also to gain their respect. In one of his attempts, he became a member of the Irish Immigrant Society of New York. He did this as a way of expressing the pride that he felt for his heritage and his father who had been an Irish immigrant himself (Bartlett 238). This proved to win the attention of many working class citizens of New York. Calhoun declared his candidacy in 1843 but later withdrew from the race. Instead, he took on the role as secretary of state under John Tyler who only had one year before his term was completed (Niven 264). Congress had adopted Texas into the Union by 1844. As a direct result, the slavery area of the United States grew. This helped maintain the sectional balance within the Union (USGenWeb 1). By the following year, Calhoun had rejoined the Senate. During his time in the Senate, Calhoun had opposed the Wilmot Proviso after first opposing the war versus Mexico. The Wilmot Proviso had been created to prevent slavery from occurring within any territory taken from Mexico during the war. Calhoun knew that a war between America and Mexico was a bad idea. He feared that if a war was declared with Mexico, America would enter under the wrong circumstances (Bartlett 341). While in the Senate, Calhoun was successful in limiting the frequency of discussions held in Congress regarding slavery. Maintaining the same attitude towards slavery, when the Compromise of 1850 idea was introduced, Calhoun not only voted against it, but made it publicly known that he saw it as disgraceful (Niven 293). The Compromise of 1850 stated that Southerners rights to bring their slaves into other Union territories were not guaranteed. When the Compromise of 1850 was adopted, Calhoun was no longer alive. Calhoun appeared in Congress for the last time on the seventh of March. On that particular day, he listened to the sectional peace appeal made by Daniel Webster and approved. In the last month of his life, Calhoun had countless discussions with his fellow Southerners. He made his growing fear for the future of the South very clear. Nothing short of the terms I propose can settle it finally and permanently. Indeed, it is difficult to see how two peoples so different and hostile can exist together (Capers 252). On the night before his death, Calhoun said to his friends, If I had my health and strength to devote one more hour to my country in the Senate, I could do no more than in my whole life (Capers 253). Calhouns dedication to the Union was undeniably sincere. The countless efforts put forward, and the measures taken by Calhoun to support and protect the South are without a doubt deserving of respect. In Washington D.C, John Caldwell Calhoun was pronounced dead on March 31, 1850.

A Knowledge Entry System for Subject Matter Experts :: essays research papers

The High Performance Knowledge Bases (HPKB) project demonstrated that the teams of knowledge engineers working together could create knowledge bases (KBs) roughly at the rate of 10K axioms/year for a pre-specified task and evaluation criteria. The HPKB effort showed that it is possible to create KBs by reusing the content of knowledge libraries, and it demonstrated reuse rates ranging from 25% to 100%, depending on the application and the knowledge engineer. It was acknowledged that the ability of a subject matter expert (SME) to directly enter knowledge is essential to improve the KB construction rates. The SRI team is developing a system for direct knowledge entry by SMEs as an integrated team of technology developers. The SRI team includes Boeing, Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at University of Southern California, Northwestern University, Pacific Sierra Research (PSR), Stanford University, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, University of Texas at Austin, and University of West Florida. Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford, Pragati Systems, and Massachusetts Insititute of Technology joined the team after the contract award. The claim of this effort is that SMEs, unassisted by AI technologists, can assemble models of mechanisms and processes from components. These models are both declarative and executable, so questions about the mechanisms and processes can be answered by conventional inference methods (for example, theorem proving and taxonomic inference) and by various task-specific methods (for example, simulation, analogical reasoning, and problem-solving methods). A related claim is that relatively few components, perhaps a few thousand, are sufficient for SMEs to assemble models of virtually any mechanism or process. We claim that these components are independent of domain, and that assembly from components instantiated to a domain is a natural way for SMEs to create KB content. The research in this project exploits and extends previous work in the HPKB project, as well as work in process description languages, qualitative physics, systems dynamics, and simulation. One scientific innovation, and the principal extension to Cyc and the "HPKB standard" of knowledge bases, is the idea of declarative and executable models (DEMs) assembled from components. The declarative aspect of DEMs supports conventional inference, whereas the executable aspect supports reasoning by simulation. For example, the declarative part of a model of aerosols is sufficient to answer questions like, "Will a 5-micron filter afford protection against this aerosol?" while the executable part is necessary to model the dispersal pattern of the aerosol.

Sociology Global Socio Cultural Responsibility

They will do this for two rounds. After the have made their lists, with the entire class, I will ask the students for some of the similarities they found and some of the differences and make a list of these. Than we will discuss the similarities and differences they gathered. Which differences were most common among people, which differences were most/ least important, were the differences physical characteristics. Period #3 Needs: The last period I will explain the meaning of responsibility in a community.I will also have the students do a community building activity that will help them understand the concept and importance of social responsibility in there community. I will than explain the importance of being aware of global issues that take place and how as a class they can contribute to helping others even f they are not located close to them. The community building active ¶y' will start after I explain the importance of community and what it means. Ill divide the students int o small groups of three and provide them with presented scenarios to act out. The skits will provide them with examples of ways to help another student. An example would be a student helping another student with something because they may be disabled. After the groups have practiced their skits I will ask for two volunteers to perform their skit in front Of the class. I will than ask them questions such as, how was this group lawful to another student who was different? If you were in the situation would you do the same thing?Next I will ask the students to raise their hands and give me ideas of things they could do to help members in the class, in school or in the community. Some ideas would be picking up trash, cleaning the white boards or donating olds clothes they don't need anymore. To end the lesson on Global Socio-cultural Responsibility I would ask the students to review what we went over: the three qualifications of social responsibility, the aspects of cultural responsibil ity and how they demonstrated a sense of Ewing a responsible member of a community in the classroom.Last I will talk to my students about setting up a Penal. Assignment #1- Part #2 period #1 First lets start off with the question of what is social responsibility? These two words explain the idea that every person is responsible for society as a whole, not just individually, not just in the state of Florida or even the United States but all around the world. This means that each day we need to act and behave in the most appropriate ways that help us all be better people but we also need to consider how Our actions and behaviors affect the rest of society coolly and globally.How can you be a socially responsible student? The following are three qualities that describe a socially responsible second grade student at Sarasota Elementary: 1 . Someone who contributes positively to the classroom and school community An example would be holding the door open for your classmates on the way to lunch or helping pick up trash around the classroom. 2. Solves conflicts in peaceful ways An example would be a student who uses kind words to speak to another student if they happen to get into an argument. . Values diversity Diversity means a variety of something. Valuing diversity means we need to be aware of all of the differences among our classmates and other people in the world. The important thing to remember is that these differences are what make us who we are and we should be open to different things and never tease someone if they seem different from what we are used to. Showing that you value diversity is very simple!Here are a few ways you can show that you appreciate the differences that makes each of us special: never make fun of people who are different from you in any way, next time you go out to dinner with your parents ask them if you can go somewhere with food room another culture, treat everyone how you would like to be treated and last believe in yourself and be proud of the different things that make you who you are! Period #2 Second we will discuss the cultural part of Global Socio-Cultural Responsibility. What does the word culture mean?Culture means the different attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, values, traditions and customs that a society or a social group all share. These differences come from all around the world and are the â€Å"glue† that keeps a group of people together. Pizza is a food item that is part of the Italian culture, SST. Patrick Day is a national loudly and part of the Irish culture and the American flag is part of the American culture. For all of us to have cultural responsibility we have to honor diversity in our world.Honoring diversity means that instead of focusing on the flaws, we need to focus on the good. In order to honor diversity among cultures we need to be aware of how some members of cultural groups might feel about certain issues like, family, religion or traditions. Period #3 The last part towards understanding Global Socio-cultural Responsibility is realizing the importance of community. Community is a group of people ho acknowledge the deep connections they have with one another, respect each others differences, and work as a group in making decisions.A community of people also has a common purpose and each person is responsible for his or her own actions but when you are part of a community it is important that everyone supports each other's growth. As a class, we can all create our own community. This might all be a lot to take in but in light of what we have learned today I think it would be a very fun and good idea for each of you to start writing to a Penal. This will help you learn about other ultras and other countries and allow you to be more globally aware of things that are going on in places other than just here in the united States.It will be a good way for you to really learn the true differences of other students your age plus it's always nice to have another friend! Assignment #2 From age three to eighteen attended private Catholic schools. Attending a private Catholic school for almost my entire life, up until right now, I was always very sheltered. There wasn't really any racial diversity in my school and very little religious diversity. Having attended a small, private, Catholic school y entire life definitely made one of the biggest impacts on my development.

Linguistic Diversity in Early Childhood Education Essay

One issue of linguistic diversity, is you has the teacher needs to identify the needs of the children in your classroom. A teacher needs to address their own attitude toward the children and families that are linguistic and cultural diversity. If a teacher knows that most of the students are going to Spanish speaking, for example than she needs to prepare herself for this before schools starts. A teacher may want to get with other teachers at the school or school district and talk about ways to deal with non-English speaking children and families. I think another issues with linguistic diversity is that the teacher needs to expect has much out of the non-English speaking students as the English speaking students. If a teacher starts off expecting less than she will get just that. A teacher needs to monitor herself and meet with other teachers and discuss observations, progress and the way that students are tested and evaluated so that the teachers are not setting them up to fail. All students need to think that they can progress and not fail at everything. I think and issue of not being able to communicate with the families is a big issue for everyone. The families feel uncomfortable coming to the schools, especially if they do not have a translator with them or their child has to do the translating. The teachers feel uncomfortable because they do not know if they are getting the right information to the parents. So I think the community needs to come together and try to think of ways to solve this problem so our children will feel more comfortable at school and more valued. Teachers need to support cultural diversity by recognizing the importance of a child’s home language (Linguistic Diversity and Early Literacy). The best way to do this is to involve families and invite them to the classroom so they feel comfortable. Have the families reading to Linguistic Diversity in Early Childhood Education The children in the classroom in the home language than have another parent read the same book in their home language. I think the more that we as educators get these families together the better so that they do not feel so isolated. We as educators need to teach all our parents to be the first teacher for their child. We need to give all families the tools so that parents can become their child’s primary teacher and that way we all can become full partners in their child’s education. The Early Head Start article that I read is a very good example of what we need to do as an early intervention. I like Head Start because they give you specific guidelines and ways to do things that everyone can follow. I think the earlier that we get children and families focused on their children and their role in the child’s life as their teacher the better off we all are. Hiring bilingual staff may be one option on preserving the child’s native language and to ensure that information is shared in a timely manner. Ensure that staff is aware of cultural issues and differences provide an opportunity for staff to learn another language to communicate with the families. Language isn’t just about the child it is also about the family has a whole. References Otto, Beverly, 3rd ed. Language Development in Early Childhood, Pearson Precious Children, Diversity in the Classroom, National Association for the Education of Young Children (retrieved May 31, 2010). www. pbs. org/kcts Linguistic Diversity and Early Literacy, Serving Culturally Diverse Families in Early Head Start (retrieved May 31, 2010). www. ehsnrc. org.